Week 7

In the last class , I discuss with Dr. Teoh about my conceptual framework and she give me tips on how to improve my conceptual framework. I hope I can finish my writing on literature review before next week.

After that we have to sit on exam. Dr. Teoh remind us to update our e-portfolio. Dr Teoh said use Ikhwaniy's blog as a reference to build good e-portfolio

Week 6

After doing my presentation, my research title have been proved by Dr. Teoh and Prof Parmjit. I have to find more pass research about this topic to start writing for chapter 1, 2 and 3.

At the end of the class Dr. Teoh ask us to study about certain topic because we have to sit for the exam next week. We need to be prepared as it carries a quite large percentage for total mark.

Research Proposal 3

Here is my research question before discuss with Dr. Teoh Prof Pramjit

1.       Research Questions

1.       What is the level of mathematical thinking attainment of teachers among Secondary School in Selangor?

2.       What is the level of mathematics teaching self-efficacy of teachers among Secondary School in Selangor?

3.      Is there a significant relationship between mathematical thinking dimension which is reasoning & proof, communication, connection and representation to self-efficacy among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor?

4.       Is there a significant relationship between mathematical thinking dimension which is reasoning & proof, communication, connection dan representation to outcome expectancy among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor?

5.       Is there a significant relationship between mathematical thinking attainments to mathematics teaching self-efficacy among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor?

 Here is my research question after discuss with Dr. Teoh and Prof Pramjit

1. What is the level of mathematical thinking attainment among Secondary School teacher's in Selangor ?

2. What is the level of Teaching Self Efficacy among Secondary School Mathematics Teachers

3. Is there a significant outcome in Mathematical Thinking attainment between PT3 teachers and SPM teachers in Selangor

4. Is there a significant outcome in Teaching Self Efficacy attainment between PT3 teachers and SPM teachers in Selangor

3. Is there a significant association between mathematical thinking attainment and Teaching Self Efficacy among Secondary School Teachers in Selangor

Research Proposal 2

All of the candidates must present a proposal to Dr. Teoh and here my slide show of my proposal. After discussing with Dr. Teoh, I have to change my research question and must add more literature review in my proposal to make sure we have 20 pages when submitting our proposal.

Week 5

In this class we have learn about validity and reliability.

Explanation about both validity and reliability has been made by Dr Teoh. From there, we can know the real meaning of validity that is as referringto the appropriateness, correctness, meaningfulness, and usefulness of the specific inferences researchers make based on the data they collect. There are three types of validity
i) Content-related evidence of validity
- the content and format of the instrument. How appropriate is the content? how comprehensive? Does it logically get at the intended variable? How adequately does the sample of items or questions represent the content to be assessed? Is the format appropriate? The content and format must be consistent with the definition of the variable and the sample of subjects to be measured.

ii) Criterion-related evidence of validity
- the relationship between scores obtained using the instrument and scores obtained using one or more other instruments or measures (often called a criterion). How strong is this relationship? How well do such scores estimate present or predict future performance of a certain type?

iii) Construct-related evidence of validity
- the nature of the psychological construct or characteristic being measured by the instrument. How well does a measure of the construct explain differences in the behavior of individuals or their performance on certain tasks? We provide further explanation of this rather complex concept later in the chapter.

Reliability refers to the consistency of the scores obtained—how consistent they are for each individual from one administration of an instrument to another and from one set of items to another.

Reference : 

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E. (2012) How to Design and Evaluate Research Education. New York: McGraw Hill Inc.

Week 4

In this session i have learn about various types of variable 

1. independent variable / predict -example motivation

2. dependent variable / outcome example – achievement

3. mediating variable / pengantaraan – relationship between motivation and achievement

As i mentioned before, my title for proposal will be :

 
The relationship between mathematical thinking attainment and self efficacy among teacher from secondary schools in Selangor. 

So independent variable will be mathematical thinking and dependent variable will be self efficacy. Then the mediating variable is the relationship between mathematical thinking and self efficacy.

I hope i call finalize my proposal and send it to Dr Teoh for review as soon as possible.

Week 3

In this class i learn about paraphrasing. Paraphrasing is basically use your own word to express the understanding about the idea from original text. Barry (2006) mentioned that paraphrasing is vital to avoid plagiarism.I embedded one video at the end of this post, that i find good for me to understand more how to do paraphrasing so that i can change words and sentence structure from the original text but keep the meaning.

Coversation with Dr Teoh in class :

En Haikal : what if i am wrong when trying to paraphrase and get the incorrect idea about what the writer said in the article 

Dr Teoh : Haikal, you must have a confidence and just write what you think about the original article

This this the exercise that we must do for the purpose to practice paraphrasing.

Reference :

Barry, E. S. (2006). Can Paraphrasing Practice Help Students Define Plagiarism? College Student Journal, 40, 377–384. Retrieved from http://www.projectinnovation.biz/csj.html

Week 2

Dr Teoh has enlightened about the altered research styles that I can practice it in my research proposal.

i) Quantitative
ii) Qualitative
iii) Mix (quantitative and qualitative)

The types of research covers:

1. Experimental research
2. Correlation research
3. Casual - Comparative research
4. Survey research
5. Ethnographic research
6. Historical research
7. Grounded research
8. Narrative research
9. Phenomenology research
10. Action research
11. Case study research

So i decide to choose number 2 which is correlation research. After discuss with Dr Teoh and read many of journal and articles from Scopus and many reliable source, i think my research title will be

The relationship between mathematical thinking attainment and self efficacy among teacher from secondary schools in Selangor .I will use quantitative approach for this study.

Now i have some instrument for this research and will further read more related articles about this topic. Wish me luck 🙋

Week 1

During the first meeting, our lecturer, Dr Teoh had discussed on the course information and we had informed on what are we going to go through throughout the semester for Research Methodology course. It was a very good starting as the students will be clear of what should they do in performing the course.

Next, we had gone through the content of the syllabus that we need to learnt on that particular week. Below are some of important notes that I managed to jot down during the discussion.

All of the content from the discussion is really helpful for me or I can say us as a student in doing our research proposal soon. Mostly on writing the best research question. If I have not gone through the class, I may not know that there are four best characteristics in writing a research question which are
i)feasible

ii)significant

iii)clear

iv)ethical

The research question must also be researchable ,measurable and answerable and can be observed with empirical references guided by experience or observation.

By the end of this week maybe I can come out with my research proposal and can discuss with lecturer

Why doing Scientific Research?

Of course we must have problem first that we want so solve  or we want to make improvement from some issues .From my learning in class i know that Scientific Research is another way of obtaining information. Then we must know how the process and do systematically , organize and can prove our finding, so other scholar can replicate our research. 

What else did I get from the first meeting?

Other than what I had discussed and reflected above, Dr Teoh had also introduce to us a very good reference port named Medeley that we can use in finding our reference in doing research mostly in literature review part. 

Our Text Book

Dr Teoh ask to download e book "How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (eight edition)" .

Reference

Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E. (2012) How to Design and Evaluate Research Education. New York: McGraw Hill Inc.


My Expectation

From this first class I have the basic idea what is Research Methodology and how important this course that I can use it to make a good proposal in my project/ thesis. I hope my i can continue my research in my Phd. I read some of the literature review and i think I want to do research about "quality of teaching in mathematics on student achievement (form 4) in Selangor (Zon Tengah)" because in Malaysia there are still lower achievement especially in this subject base on TIMMS and PISA result . I hope next class we will discuss more about how to make a good proposal.

Reference

Robiah Sidin (2000). Inovasi kaedah pengajaran: Pengalaman di Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia. Prosiding National Conference on Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Oktober 9- 10, Universiti Utara Malaysia

Thanks for reading , see you next time 💓😊  

Course Information

Research Methodology

Research proposal 1

Before i start my research proposal , i read about 30 articles and journal in my area and then i try to write a proposal and show it to Dr, Teoh , after that Dr Teoh give some comment and and suggest that research about multimedia in teaching is not a big issues at this time, so i must read more and fix my proposal

here is my first proposal

Research Proposal

Name  : Mohd Haikal bin Mohd Zain

Matric Number :

Faculty: 

Research Title: 

Student’s Multimedia Learning Environment on Mathematics Teaching Self -Efficacy of Secondary Schools Teachers in Selangor.

Literature review:

Mathematics teaching efficacy outside the U.S. has not been extensively studied. (Ryang, 2010)

Mathematics educators need to look closely at multimedia and acquaint themselves with the expanding capability of multimedia. Learners risk confusion and worse without content expertise guiding the use of multimedia to enhance context, visual displays, and learner attitudes. The message and the medium must work together.(Hale, 1993).

The application of multimedia-based representations provides new opportunities for teaching mathematics. As the students are offered new options and new challenges, teachers are also faced with modified requirements respective to their teaching competencies. Ollesch,Vogel and Dörfler, (2015)

Research Objectives:

To identify and measures relationships of students multimedia learning environment to mathematics teaching self-efficacy among secondary school teachers in Selangor.

To investigate the influence of 5 construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor.

Research Question:

This research measures how multimedia learning environment related to Mathematics teaching self-efficacy of teachers in secondary school teachers Selangor. Research question as follows;

1. Is there a significant relationship between student’s multimedia learning environments to Mathematics teaching self-efficacy of teachers in Secondary School in Selangor?

2. Is there a significant influence of learning to investigate construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

3. Is there a significant influence of learning to communicate construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

4. Is there a significant influence of learning to think construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

5. Is there a significant influence of relevance construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

6. Is there a significant influence of ease of use construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

7. Is there a significant influence of challenge construct in multimedia learning environment to Mathematics teaching efficacy belief among secondary school teachers in Selangor?

Research Methodology:

Quantitative Research Method through data collection in Explanatory Design.

1.1 Questionnaires with Ordinal Data in Likert rating scale score.

1.2 Pilot test to small scale of secondary school teachers with the same questionnaires will be conducted to strengthen data validity.

1.3 Correlation findings with Spearman's Correlation and influence using linear regression to find significant value of research findings. 

1.4 Research respondents are chosen randomly from secondary school teachers and students by answering questionnaires.  

Research Instruments:

Instruments used in this research are adapted questionnaires from 2 questionnaires. 

1. Constructivist Multimedia Learning Environment Survey (CMLES) for students (Quantitative) by Dorit Maor, School of Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia

2. Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (MTEBI) by Lorry G. Enochs Oregon State University Phillip L. Smith and DeAnn Huinker University of Wisconsin-Milwauke

Constructivist Multimedia Learning Environment Survey (CMLES)

Learning to communicate

Learning to investigate

Learning to think

Relevance

Ease of use

Challenge

Mathematics Teaching Efficacy Belief Instrument (MTEBI)

Self-efficacy

Outcomes expectancy

Bibliography :

Ryang,  Dohyoung (2010)  The Development Of The Mathematics Teaching Self Efficacy Scales For Korean Elementary And Secondary Preservice Teachers Unpublish Dissertation Department Of Curriculum And Instruction  Graduate School Of The University Of Alabama

Hale, M. H. (1993). Editorial… Use of multimedia in mathematics education. The Mathematics Educator, 4(1).

Ollesch, J., Vogel, M., & Dörfler, T. (2015, February). Using multimedia in mathematics teaching–New challenges for teachers' competencies. In CERME 9-Ninth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (pp. 2955-2956).